Search results for "TOAST Classification"
showing 10 items of 10 documents
Arterial stiffness indexes in acute ischemic stroke: Relationship with stroke subtype
2010
INTRODUCTION: No study has evaluated both arterial stiffness indexes (PWV and Aix) in patients with an acute cerebrovascular event. The aim of our study was to evaluate arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke and to evaluate the relationship between these indexes and other clinical and laboratory variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Internal Medicine Department at the University of Palermo between November 2006 and January 2009, and hospitalized control patients without a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. The type of acute ischemic stroke was classified according to the TO…
Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with ischemic stroke: Differences, subtype distribution and outcome
2008
Abstract Background and aim Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of stroke, and pathophysiological changes of diabetic cerebral vessels may differ in comparison with non-diabetic ones; nonetheless, the clinical and prognostic profile of stroke in diabetic patients is not yet fully understood. On this basis, the aim of our study was to evaluate cerebrovascular risk factor prevalence in diabetic stroke patients in comparison with non-diabetics, to analyze whether diabetics have a different prevalence of stroke subtypes as classified by the TOAST classification, and determine whether diabetics and non-diabetics have a different prognosis. Methods and results We enrolled 102 diabetics and 204 n…
Immuno-inflammatory activation in acute cardio-embolic strokes in comparison with other subtypes of ischaemic stroke
2009
Few studies have examined the relationship between inflammatory biomarker blood levels, cardioembolic stroke subtype and neurological deficit. So the aim of our study is to evaluate plasma levels of immuno-inflammatory variables in patients with cardio-embolic acute ischaemic stroke compared to other diagnostic subtypes and to evaluate the relationship between immuno-inflammatory variables, acute neurological deficit and brain infarct volume. One hundred twenty patients with acute ischaemic stroke and 123 controls without a diagnosis of acute ischaemic stroke were evaluated. The type of acute ischaemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST classification. We evaluated plasma levels o…
A Four-Year Observational Study regarding the Characteristics and Causes of the Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults: one center study report
2020
Introduction. Stroke is the second cause of mortality worldwide, after the ischemic coronary disease, and the first cause of long term-disability. Recent studies report that ischemic stroke (IS) in young patients is increasing in incidence, even though the overall stroke hospitalization rate is decreasing. Stroke in the young, working individuals significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) and also determines an important, negative economic impact by reducing the workforce. Material and method. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a 4-year observational, retrospective study on all patients between 18-49 years, who suffered from acute IS and were admitted and investigated i…
Stroke subtypes and their possible implication in stroke prevention drug strategies
2014
Thrombotic strokes can affect large or small arteries in the brain. Drugs to prevent atherosclerosis complication such as thrombotic strokes, should be drugs able to prevent the accumulation of intravascular fat, reduce vascular proliferation, decrease blood pressure levels with the resulting shear stress, reduce platelet aggregation, and possibly partially or totally reverse carotid plaques. Any of the commonly used antihypertensive drugs lower the incidence of stroke, with larger reductions in BP resulting in larger reductions in risk. Experimental and clinical data suggest that reducing the activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) may have beneficial effects beyond the…
A precise stroke classification for evaluation of ischemic stroke subtypes and their relation with diabetes: is TOAST the best?
2010
To The Editor: Regarding the study by Turin et al1 performed to estimate the secular time trends in incidence using a population-based stroke registry in Japan, we discuss some issues of potential interest. First, have the authors classified stroke subtypes according TOAST classification or Oxfordshire classification? No mention has been made in the text concerning the classification methodology of ischemic stroke. It is conceivable that applying the TOAST classification2 of ischemic stroke (a classification with clinical, pathophysiological, anatomic, and instrumental basis that is easily applicable and widely validated) could provide a more precise selection of patients with lacunar strok…
Cerebrovascular risk factors and clinical classification of strokes
2005
Cerebrovascular risk represents a progressive and evolving concept owing to the particular distribution of risk factors in patients with ischemic stroke and in light of the newest stroke subtype classifications that account for pathophysiological, instrumental, and clinical criteria. Age represents the strongest nonmodifiable risk factor associated with ischemic stroke, while hypertension constitutes the most important modifiable cerebrovascular risk factor, confirmed by a host of epidemiological data and by more recent intervention trials of primary (HOT, Syst-Eur, LIFE) and secondary (PROGRESS) prevention of stroke in hypertensive patients. To be sure, a curious relationship exists betwee…
Ischemic stroke subtypes and the implications for stroke management
2014
Internal Medicine & Cardioangiology Ward, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna & Specialistica, University of Palermo, Italy *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +39 091 6552197; bruno.tuttolomondo@unipa.it
Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
2011
Determining the cause of stroke does influence choices for management. categorization of subtypes of ischemic stroke has had considerable study, but definitions are hard to formulate and their application for diagnosis in an individual patient is often problematic. Cerebral ischemia initiates a complex cascade of events at genomic, molecular, and cellular levels, and inflammation is important in this cascade. In 1993 for For the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), Adams et al] conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded study of the low-molecular-weight heparinoid given to patients within 24 hours after stroke and developed a system for diagnosis of subtype of isch…